I am going to name 3
1 the Continental Army knew the land better as it was theirs.
2 the British could not get reinforcements or supplies fast enough
3 the Continental Army was made of people who were determined to get their freedom while the British army's motive was to fight the was and get money
Generally speaking it would be "political science" that is the academic discipline that focuses on the study of the roles and functions of government, although in some institutions the major is simply "government".
Serfs and peasants were stuck in their position? Is that what you’re looking for?
Need more information sorry.