Answer is: <span>D.) p. </span>p<span> or </span>piano<span> meaning "soft". </span>mp -<span> standing for </span>mezzo-piano<span>, meaning "half soft". </span>mf -<span>standing for </span>mezzo-forte<span>, meaning "half loud". </span><span>ff - standing for fortissimo and meaning "very loud". </span>Piano<span> affects the dynamics (or volume) of a musical composition and is an indication to play louder than </span>pianissimo (pp<span>), but softer than </span>mezzo piano<span>.</span>
