Answer: Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development
Explanation: Vygotsky's Cognitive Development Theory is the theory that states about the constructive behavior of the children to obtain the cognitive factors. Instruction ,guidance and interaction on social base is considered as the feature of the theory which enhances the learning , solving problem and other skills.
The situation mentioned in the question describes about the Vygotsky's theory because Dr Smith believes in improving the knowledge through instruction in 9-year old .
India has a limited government because the constitution of the country puts restraints on the government's power.
A country emphasizes individual performance and achievements in every sphere of society. The employees in this country may lack loyalty and commitment to a company-this affect the business environment in this country.
A large degree of managerial mobility across organizations is another way that individualism manifests itself, and this is not necessarily a desirable thing. Managers who lack the loyalty, experience, and network of interpersonal contacts that come from years of working for the same company may have solid general skills but lack the loyalty and devotion to a particular organization and the propensity to move on for a better offer.
Learn more about lack of loyalty here:
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I believe the answer is Shaping.
Shaping is a reinforcement technique which use a reward that given gradually after the subject is showing a certain desired traits.
On parakeets, this could be done by giving them a food reward everytime they move their head closer to the place where we want it to be (closer to your cheek)
Russia already divided
the bolsheviks seized power through tyranny and violence <span />