Galileo proved that the planets circulate around the sun not earth. Though no one believed him and he ended up in heresy by the church
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The Spanish invasion of Chile and the majority of Latin America changed its history. The Spanish rule exploited the country during the mercantilist era. Independence came in 1844 and with it, economic and political stability.
Chile started to sell copper and nitrate, and copper is still the foundation of the Chilean economy. The beginning of the 20th century came with the economic crisis for Chile, the demand for mineral nitrates fell. The Great Depression did not help the country either.
Chilean economy got better with WWII with a higher demand for copper. The 70s were a difficult period for Chile, Pinochet was a brutal dictator, he widespread repression, torture and murder, it was only in the early 80s that democracy returned to the country, with it came free market system, many state-owned firms were sold, privatizations continued.
Today, with political stability, Chile is one of the fourty most developed countries in the world, with a robust economy.
States because the American people wanted to prevent the central government from becoming tyrannical. But the central government was too weak and could not rely on the states for support.
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Machines like Tammany Hall accepted bribes, took graft, and helped people in exchange for votes.
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The hispanic rights group that supported the same principles as the Black Panthers and AIM were the Brown Berets group. The Brown Berets group are pro-Chicano organization that was formed during the Chicano Movements during the late 1960s. The Grooups still remains active until today.