Colonists fills the blank
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
A testable proposition or prediction is a <u>hypothesis</u>; while an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events is a <u>theory</u>. 
Explanation:
The hypothesis is a proposition that establishes a relationship between the facts: a hypothesis is the establishment of a link between the facts that the researcher clarifies to the extent that he can generate logical explanations of why this link occurs.A theory is a set of interrelated structures (concepts, definitions and propositions) that present a systematic perspective of the phenomena specifying the relationships. It is the main objective of science, it is a combination that is projected in a systematic perspective of the phenomena in order to describe, explain, predict and control the phenomena.
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
c. dependent variable 
Explanation:
In research, the <u>independent variable</u> is the variable that can be manipulated by the researchers and which will have an effect on another variable that is called the dependent variable. (Therefore, the variable in which the affect is perceived is called the dependent variable). The researchers don't really  have control over the dependent variable but it is the one that it's being tested and see how it responds to the independent variable. 
In this example, the race of a criminal offender seems to determine the frequency with which capital punishment is administered. We can see that apparently, <u>the race of the criminal offender affects the punishment and how frequent it is received. </u>Therefore, since the race is affecting the frequency of the capital punishment, we can say that the punishment can be considered the dependent variable. 
 
        
             
        
        
        
The answer would be California
        
             
        
        
        
Answer: Demand characteristics.
Explanation:
Demand characteristics are the traits shown by participant of the research and experiment  in which they behave according to the expectancy of researcher or experiment so that aim of the research can be accomplished .This creates biasness in research process and decrease validity of the experiment.
According to the question, John's positive reply to the situation where someone need helps if his/her car is broken displays the impact of demand characteristics .In actuality , he would probably not help the person by stopping and he just answered in positive manner to support the study.Thus, the reply is biased.