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kkurt [141]
3 years ago
13

How did king Phillip cause the great schism

History
2 answers:
marshall27 [118]3 years ago
4 0
French King Phillip IV moved Pope to Avignon, which caused a weaker church. 
mrs_skeptik [129]3 years ago
3 0

Best answer:  by disagreeing with the pope

There had been much struggle between Pope Boniface VIII and the French king, Philip IV, over control of the church in France.  Philip actually sent men to rough up Boniface during that time.  After Boniface's death and then a papacy of less than a year by Benedict XI, pressure from France resulted in the electing of a French cardinal as Pope Clement V, in 1305.  Clement moved the office of the papacy from Rome to Avignon, which was in Holy Roman Empire territory but near the border of France.  The papal offices stayed in Avignon, under French domination, from 1309 to 1376, with seven popes total governing the church from there.

Gregory XI, the last French pope, returned the offices of the papacy to Rome in 1377.  When Gregory XI died in 1378, an Italian again was elected to be pope – Urban VI.  But very quickly many cardinals (especially the French) regretted the election of Urban VI.  The French cardinals put forth their own rival pope, Clement VII, later in 1378.  This began the Great Schism, also known as the Western Schism or Papal Schism. There were competing popes claiming the authority of that office and the allegiance of Catholics in Europe.  The split in the papacy lasted till 1417.

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What were some of the biggest obstacles to the gagaku ensemble while touring Europe? PLSSSSSSsSSS HELP
olga2289 [7]

Answer:

Here is some information about that!

Explanation:

The prototype of gagaku was introduced into Japan with Buddhism from China. In 589, Japanese official diplomatic delegations were sent to China (during the Sui dynasty) to learn Chinese culture, including Chinese court music. By the 7th century, the koto (a zither) and the biwa (a short-necked lute) had been introduced into Japan from China. Various instruments, including these two, were the earliest used to play gagaku.

Even though the Japanese use the same term 雅楽 (yǎyuè in Mandarin Chinese, ngahngohk in Cantonese), the form of music imported from China was primarily banquet music engaku rather than the ceremonial music of the Chinese yǎyuè. The importation of music peaked during the Tang Dynasty, and these pieces are called Tōgaku (Tang music). Gagaku pieces earlier than Tang Dynasty are called kogaku (ancient music), while those from after the Tang Dynasty are called shingaku (new music). The term gagaku itself was first recorded in 701, when the first imperial academy of music Gagakuryō was established.[5]

Music from the Korean kingdom of Goguryeo, which is pronounced Koma in Japanese, had been recorded as early as 453 AD, and komagaku was eventually used as a term that covered all Korean pieces. Komagaku and Tōgaku became established in southern Japan during the Nara period (710–794). In 736, music from India and Vietnam were also introduced and these are called Tenjikugaku (天竺楽) and Rinyūgaku (林邑楽) respectively.

In the 8th century, during the Nara period, gagaku was performed at national events, such as the erection of the Great Buddha of Todai-ji Temple, by organizing gagaku performance groups at large temples.

From the 9th century to the 10th century, during the Heian period, traditional gagaku was developed and indigenous to Japan through fusion with music unique to Japan, and it changed greatly. Gagaku was almost completed by the fusion of Tōgaku, Komagaku, Tenjikugaku and Rinyūgaku which were introduced from Asian countries, with Kuniburi no utamai, traditional Japanese music, and Utaimono, songs born in the Heian period.[2][3] During this period, Many pieces of gagaku music were created and foreign-style gagaku music were arranged and renewed. gagaku was also reorganized, and foreign-style gagaku music was classified into categories called Sahō (左方, left side) and Uhō (右方, right side). Chinese, Vietnamese and Indian style was classified on the Sahō, and Korean and Manchurian style was classified on the Uhō. And Tenjikugaku and Rinyūgaku were also included in the category of Tōgaku.[2][3][6]

The popularity of gagaku reached its peak in the 9th century to the 10th century when court aristocracy began to hold private concerts, but declined in the Kamakura period (1185-1333) when the power of the court aristocracy became diminished while that of the samurai rose.[6] Gagaku was played by musicians who belonged to hereditary guilds. During the Kamakura period, military rule was imposed and gagaku was performed rarely at court. At this time, there were three guilds, based in Osaka, Nara and Kyoto.

Because of the Ōnin War, a civil war from 1467 to 1477 during the Muromachi period, gagaku ensembles ceased to perform in Kyoto for about 100 years. In the Edo period, the Tokugawa Shogunate revived and reorganized the court-style ensembles, the direct ancestors of the present gagaku ensembles.

After the Meiji Restoration of 1868, musicians from all three guilds came to the capital and their descendants make up most of the current Tokyo Imperial Palace Music Department. By that time, the present ensemble composition had been established, consisting of three wind instruments – hichiriki, ryūteki, and shō (bamboo mouth organ used to provide harmony) – and three percussion instruments – kakko (small drum), shōko (metal percussion), and taiko (drum) or dadaiko (large drum), supplemented by gakubiwa.

Gagaku also accompanies classical dance performances called bugaku (舞楽). It may be used in religious ceremonies in some Buddhist temples.[7]

In 1955, the Japanese government recognized gagaku and bugaku as important National Treasures.

Today, gagaku is performed in three ways:[8]

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