Here’s a list to some of the main causes
1. Poverty: the state of being poor. The most hungry people in the world are the ones that live in extreme poverty. Those mostly are smallholder farmers in developing countries.
2. Job instability: when someone lacks a job or is paid to little to live comfortably they may be facing hunger. They may not have enough money to eat so they only pay for what they have to instead of food for themselves. For example, a single parent paying rent and food for their kid but doesn’t have enough for themselves.
3. Lack of access to safe water: Without access to safe water, crops can’t grow properly, and people can’t survive or stay healthy.
4. Food shortages or scarce availability of food: Food from the previous harvest runs out and families cut back on meals. The more they run out the less they eat.
Their mental maps of an area
They could not have grown crops from the fresh wet soil and they couldn't travel along the river as good.