2. Many slave codes prohibited enslaved people from learning to read and write
The Shogunate began with the Yoritomo Minamoto. During his time, the samurai manage to thwart
the Mongol invasion. Still the next
shogunates were not strong and the Emperor still exerted influence. Power began to shift from daimyos to the three
unifiers Nobunaga, Hideyoshi and Tokugawa.
From these Japan was now starting to unite and the Shogun became the
military ruler of Japan.
The first one
The laws forbade jews to be employed in education
I believe it was Justinian that managed to unite Rome, and expanding the Byzantine Empire.