C. This piece of furniture is a chair. This chair is soft; all chairs are soft.
Explanation:
In a fallacy of logos, you will encounter something invalid, insufficient or disconnected between the arguments given to arrive at a conclusion. In this case, there is a disconnection between the outcome "all chairs are soft" and the argument "this piece of furniture is a chair".
The conclusion doesn´t follow logically what is preceded by the arguments.
Personification is adding human characteristics to a non-human object. (D. "The landscape listens, shadows - hold their breath.") The landscape listening as if it has ears, and shadows holding their breath are things a living thing would do, so (D) is the best answer.
