I would have to say technology is using fewer resources to manufacture goods more efficiently.
The answer to your second question is D.) Welfare
The Industrial Revolution created many jobs, however, working condition was horrible. Because of the reforms, jobs became more tolerable, people made more wages, and work hours were lower.
tomas jefferson was the 3rd presedent
Answer: They were afraid that the English navy would have a blockade in the English Channel and decided to try and avoid it.