Answer:
According to Nutton, we are unable to identify any diseases familiar to us today because we are hampered by the great difference between ancient and modern understanding of the concept of 'a disease'.
The evidence or claim he makes to support this, is in his book "Seeds of Disease" where he states that during the ancient medicine practice, the interpretatation was not held nor rigorously or strict, employing words far looser metaphoric sense, interchangeably with what they had known from Galen instead.
Explanation:
Professor Vivian Nutton specialises in the history of the classical tradition in medicine, from Antiquity to the present, and particularly on Galen. He is currently co-editor of Medical History. Heirs of Hippocrates
, how they exercised their influence, and how they were received and interpreted over the centuries, are fascinating stories. It was taken over and translated into Latin, Arabic, Hebrew and a range of European languages.
His main work has focused around Galen of Pergamum (129–216/7 AD), the most prolific writer to survive from the ancient world, whose combination of great learning and practical skill imposed his ideas on learned doctors for centuries, and, secondly, on the development of medical ideas and practices in the Renaissance of the sixteenth century.
Answer:
Darwin observed that most of the animals that inhabit these remote islands are not found anywhere else in the world, but they resemble South American species. Furthermore, each island has its own unique species.
Explanation:
Galapagos Islands are located 900 km off the coast of South America. During his voyage, Darwin observed that many plant and animal species are present on these islands but are not found anywhere else in the world. He also observed similarities between the species found in the Galapagos Islands and South American mainland.
These islands are the volcanic islands and separated from the mainland. He assumed that the species of Galapagos Islands such as finches were isolated there for a long time. These species diversified into the empty ecological niche and gave rise to many species by adaptive radiation.
Adaptive radiation resulted in the evolution of unique life forms found on each of these islands. Similarities and differences between the life forms of these islands and the mainland provided the basis for Darwin's concept of natural selection.
The correct answer is A.
The use of antibacterial drugs can cause modifications in the genetic material of the concerned bacteria. If the genetic material of the bacteria are modify, that means they have undergone mutation. Because the base sequence of the normal and that of the mutated gene is different, antibiotic will not be able to recognize the bacteria again and thus will not be able to attack it.
By process of elimination you can deduce the answer:
A mutation causing uncontrolled cell division in human tissue cells is cancer and definitely not beneficial.
A mutation resulting in partial or complete loss of chlorophyll pigments in plants will lead to a plant not being able to photosynthesise and therefore unable to respire leading to death.
A mutation resulting in a squirrel being born without ovaries means the squirrel will be unable to reproduce and there for is not beneficial.
The answer is therefore a mutation inhibiting human immunodeficiency virus from entering the host cell. This means that the person who has this gene is unable to contract HIV which is beneficial