I think the correct answer is the last one "before starting college, jake learned how to speak spanish and travelled across south"
D, Was is the answer, a being verb is showing the state of being such as (am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been.
An author or writer uses his counterclaim as his refutation because a counterclaim is literally what it says. What the writer or author is going against in his writing and which side he is opposing or going with.
B is the answer to this question!
