Answer:
Bioarchaeology is a discipline that studies human skeletal remains in an archaeological investigation; while forensic anthropology refers to the study of human skeletal remains in a criminal case
Explanation:
Bioarchaeology is a discipline centered on the study of skeletal remains in order to obtain useful information about past societies/civilizations such as, for example, health conditions. On the other hand, forensic anthropology investigates human skeletal remains within a legal and/or criminal investigation. This information may result useful to identify a dead person, find the cause of death, and estimate time since death.
Similarities:
-Both disciplines have a strong biology background (especially in zoology)
-Both disciplines are focused on skeletal analysis
Differences:
-Bioarchaeology is associated with the anthropological study of human societies, while forensic anthropology associated with legal investigations
Answer: Mesopotamia, china, indus River Valley, the mesoamerican empires..... in this case, the two rivers are the tigris and Euphrates. Mesopotamia. The name Mesopotamia was given to the middle eastern civilizations that existed between the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers. :)
It provides them eukaryote cell its organization see m<span>embrane bound organelles allow for different chemical reactions to take place in the cell without their pathways interfering</span>
The type of deafness that is present if the bone conducted sound is heard longer than the air conducted sound is CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS.
Conductive hearing loss refers to the situation where there is a problem conducting sound waves anywhere along the route through the outer ear to the ear drum and the tiny bones of the middle ear.
Answer:
Exosomes as Therapeutic Target
Given the fact that elevated exosome levels are often correlated with greater severity of different types of cancer, reducing circulating exosomes to normal levels is one of therapeutic strategies to increase treatment efficacy. There are different approaches to modulate exosome production: 1) Inhibition of exosome formation: inhibit crucial proteins involved in exosome formation pathway; 2) Inhibition of exosome release: inhibit important regulators of exosome release process, increased intracellular Ca2+, change cellular microenvironmental pH; 3) Inhibition of exosome uptake: add proteinase for surface proteins on exosomes may serve as receptors for uptake pathways. In addition to control exosomes production, removal of exosomes from the entire circulatory system might be a novel strategy for cancer treatment.
Exosomes could also be used as cancer immunotherapy becasue tumor-derived exosomes carry antigens that is a great source of specific stimulus for the immune response against tumors. Both tumor-derived and dendritic cell-derived exosomes have showed capability to stimulate tumor antigen-specific responses in experimental animal models and human clinical trials.
Exosomes as Targeted Drug Delivery Vehicles
Exosomes became one of the most common methods applied in drug delivery system because of several advantages they have. Firstly, exosomes normally have a small size 40-100 nm, which is more homogenous compared to other microvesicles. This will lead them to evade rapid clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte and enhances passage through fenestrations in the vessel wall. Secondly, due to their endogenous origin, they are less toxic for and better tolerated by the immune system. It facilitates them to avoid causing side effects that normally occur with synthetic nanoparticles. Additionally, the specific ligand or protein expressed on the exosome surface increases efficiency of cargo into the cytosol of the target cell, and therefore fewer off-target effects. Exosomes are generally found most useful as a drug delivery medium in cancer therapy, anti-inflammation and gene interference therapy such as transferring of miRNA.
There are different kinds of cargos encapsulated by exosomes, especially like siRNA or miRNA. The delivery of RNA is attracting because they are rapid degradation in cell circulation and have the limitation in passing through the membrane and in cellular uptake. Chemotherapeutics loaded into exosomes is also used for cancer therapy such as doxorubicin. In principle, there are four key components to achieve correct functionality and efficacy during exosomes drug delivery:1) Choosing the donor cell type to produce drug-carrying exosomes; 2) Using correspond methods to encapsulate the exosomes cargo; 3) Enhancing the specificity of cargo delivery by targeting peptides on the surface of the exosomes; 4) Administrating exosomes to target the area of disease.
Explanation:
https://www.creative-biostructure.com/exosome-applications-652.htm
