The last five decades of the twentieth century witnessed the transformation of Texas from a rural and agricultural state to an urban, industrial one.
The difference between the two are the differing systems of their governments. Sparta is considered oligarchy, meaning ruled by the few, while the Athens is believed to have been a democracy.
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The answer would be C, the eighth Amendment. It states that "Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted."