Answer: prepare to listen and speak.
"<span>The former astronaut gave an inspiring opening address to the crowd of excited, fascinated students" is the best choice, although a comma could technically be placed after "inspiring" </span>
The business survival skills of the 1930s quickly gave way to a new form of leadership that tested the limit of America's ingenuity, productivity, and compassion.
This would be an example of pathos, which appeals to the emotion.
A. polluting
Hope that helps
