Plain land forms are much of northern and eastern Europe.
Kepler's first law means that planets move around the Sun in elliptical orbits.
One of the most striking ongoing changes in the Arctic is the rapid melting of sea ice. Some climate models predict that, sometime during the first half of the 21st century, summer sea ice will vanish from the Arctic Ocean. An absence of summer ice would amplify the existing warming trend in Arctic tundra regions as well as in regions beyond the tundra, because sea ice reflects sunlight much more readily than the open ocean and, thus, has a cooling effect on the atmosphere. In addition, research indicates that the retreat of sea ice would enhance the productivity of tundra vegetation, and the resulting buildup of plant biomass might lead to more extreme events such as large tundra fires. Finally, an ice-free Arctic Ocean would improve access to high northern latitudes for recreational and industrial activities; this would likely place additional stress on tundra plants and animals as well as compromise the resilience of the tundra ecosystem itself. In alpine tundras too, climate warming could encourage more human activity and increase damage to plant and animal populations there.
The fate of permafrost in a warmer world is a particularly important issue. Together, tundra and taiga account for approximately one-third of global carbon storage in soil, and a large portion of this carbon is tied up in permafrost in the form of dead organic matter. Some of this organic matter has been preserved for many thousands of years, not because it is inherently difficult to break down but because the land has remained frozen. Thawing of the permafrost would expose the organic material to microbial decomposition, which would release carbon into the atmosphere in the form of CO2 and methane (CH4). Rates of microbial decomposition are much lower under anaerobic conditions, which release CH4, than under aerobic conditions, which produce CO2; however, CH4 has roughly 25 times the greenhouse warming potential of CO2. The Arctic has been a net sink (or repository) of atmospheric CO2 since the end of the last ice age. At the same time, however, the region has been a net source of atmospheric CH4, primarily because of the abundance of wetlands in the region.
Your question is asking about
Human Impact
Introduction to Human Impact
Human impact on the environment carries many negative longterm consequences.
Consumption, altering habitats, and carbon emissions are all human activities destroying the natural world.
Habitat Alteration
Habitat alteration is changing earth's natural compositing by destroying habitats to build upon or fragmenting habitats for roads and access. This is the biggest threat to biodiversity.
Pollution
Pollution is the contamination of Earth's atmosphere and surface (land and bodies of water).
Disposal of human waste results in land pollution, while burning fossil fuels results in air pollution. Land and air pollution affect water contamination.
Deforestation
Deforestation is the removal and destruction of forests.
Clear cutting completely removes all trees in an area for human consumption, such as building materials, paper products, etc.
Human Population Growth
The human population has continued to increase, which means human impact on the environment will increase as well.
Concerns include lack of space, food, and other resources, as well as disease outbreaks.
Acid Rain
Acid rain is caused by burning fossil fuels, which releases acidic gases into the atmosphere. The gases latch on to water molecules and the result is acid (low pH) rain.
Acid rain results in organism death and destruction of infrastructure.
