Lewis and Clark did map the route to the pacific oceans though they were not able to find a direct water route as they had hoped. The Majority of their trip was along the Missouri River and thus it is the closest thing to a "Northwest Passage" that the explorers were able to find.
They both were materialized as special infracture for the base of the mount
South American and Nazca tectonic plate boundary;
The boundary between the South American and the Nazca plates is a vibrant one. These two plates have the same density, so they collide and lift the land upwards, which is why the Andean Mountain Range formed. Occasionally there are earthquakes and they can be very strong. This is a convergent boundary.
Indian and Eurasian tectonic plate boundary;
The tectonic between the Indian and the Eurasian tectonic plates is also a convergent one, where we have two tectonic plates with the same density pushing against each other, and thus lifting up the land, which is how the Himalayan Mountain Range was formed. The earthquakes are relatively rare, and are of different velocity.
Pacific and North American tectonic boundary;
The border between these two plates is a a convergent one as well, but the Pacific plate has a smaller density than the North American one, so it is subducting underneath it. This brings in a very big geological activity, so there's multiple volcanoes and volcanic activities, as well as a big amount of earthquakes.
Answer:
Earth-5.9736×10^24 kg
Now for air this can be different over sea level and in different areas
Air-weighs 14.7 psi or pounds per square inch at sea level also meaning about 15 pounds are pressing down on every square inch of you.
