Turkish Jonturkler, coalition of various reform groups that led revolutionary movement against the authorial regime of Ottoman sultan Abdulhamid II, which culminated in the establishment of a constitution government.
I think c but it might be very wrong
The u-2 spy incident increased the tension between the two nations and helped escalate the Cold War.U-2 flights were a voliation of soviet territory and risked a violent soviet response. Hope this helped:)