It was France and European powers as a whole.
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The current thought is that about 20 percent of the colonists were LOYALISTS — those whose remained loyal to England and King George. Another small group in terms of percentage were the dedicated PATRIOTS, for whom there was no alternative but independence.
The marshall plan generated economic growth by injecting large amounts of funds into war-torn Europe, which had suffered great economic losses after the Second World War.
The last one is correct. Please vote my answer branliest! Thanks.