Synonym for refract could be bend,swing arch or something similar to those words.
B... The differences between federal and state courts are defined mainly by jurisdiction. ... The only cases state courts are not allowed to hear are lawsuits against the United States and those involving certain specific federal laws: criminal, antitrust, bankruptcy, patent, copyright, and some maritime cases.
The construction of the United States railroads and the growth of US cities after the War of 1812 showed that the American economy grew quickly after the war. It shows that despite the economic crisis that the country went through during the war, it wasn't difficult for them to recover.
In Jackson’s second State of the Union speech, his choice of words revealed that he did not like Native Americans and that he desired to remove them as a policy was actually developed during his administration. But when speaking of the removal policy he particularly says “in relation to the removal of the Indians beyond the white settlements is approaching to a happy consummation.” Then speaks of two tribes that had “accepted” their removal and how he hopes this proves as a good and beneficial example for the other tribes.
