Executive power of "necessary and proper"--Lincoln was able to legislate from the Oval by use of executive order and in this case as Commander in Chief of the army.
Lincoln used the Emancipation Proclamation as a means to control the message of the Civil War, boost morale, and target the Southern labor force. As Commander and Chief, he has able to make war decisions and as it was an internal rebellion all acts were done by his executive order.
the black death by far. wiped out an estimated 60% of Europe not including the famine or climate change
Spain, England, France and Portugal became dominant int he revolution and began to colonize the New World.
The Gothic element there is the horror that ensues after he hears the tapping. The character is alone during a spooky, dreary night, nobody found anywhere, and suddenly there is a mysterious tapping by someone, and it turns out that no-one tapped, which means either madness or ghosts, that are either way both elements of Gothic writing.