The only Europeans that were allowed to trade with the Japanese following the expulsion of all christians were the Dutch.
During the Sakoku, the isolationist foreign policy of the Tokugawa shogunate, the only contact with european influence allowed was with the Dutch who had a factory at Dejima in Nagasaki, and through the Dutch East India Company who was allowed to operate in Nagasaki.
"The... shall choose their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States."
The start of Civil Wars and Mali's decline was due to struggles over the line of succession, essentially the <span>ordered sequence the people eligible to succeed to the throne if the leader were to be dethroned, die, etc.</span>