Newton was Lucian professor of mathematics at the age of 26
A republic is a country belonging to the people, whereas a federation is a form of government where by regional divisions are not branches of the central government. A federal republic has power divisions and regional governments fall under the power domain of the national government.
Polytheism is the belief in more than one god. Monotheism differs from polytheism in that it is the belief in a single god or divine being. Civilizations such as the Sumerians and Ancient Egyptians practiced polytheism.
The principle of popular sovereignty is a method used in the 19th century, which states that the people of a given area create and sustain the power of their government through the representatives the people elect. This was enacted during the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, and it was a compromise on the slavery issue that was paramount at the time.