These are the main factors that led to the rise of Communism:
- The Communist Manifesto (1848). Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' work directed towards the proletariat (workers) in a intent for them to rebel against the bourgeoisie that grew rich at their expenses.
- Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905). This fight over the imperial ambitions in Korea and Manchuria ended with multiple russian defeats and casualties that generated much discontent in the masses.
- Bloody Sunday. In January 1905, soldiers of the Imperial Guard, fired against unarmed demonstrators that were trying to present a petition to Tsar Nicholas II.
- 1905 Russian Revolution. As a direct consequence of the Russo-Japanese War and Bloody Sunday, waves of masses moved in discontent with the Imperial Government. Even though the Tsar kept in the throne, the Revolution led to the October Manifesto and the Russian Constitution of 1906.
- Vladimir Lenin. Lenin was the marxist intellectual who became the leader of the Bolsheviks, a radical group that became an important force in the Revolution.
- World War I. The unrest of the masses only grew with the administration of the Tsar and Russia's presence in World War I.
- 1917 Russian Revolution. Two massive revolutions happened in 1917: one in February, that resulted in the abdication of the Tsar and the collapse of the Imperial Government; and other in October that collapsed the Provisional Government, started the Russian Civil War and established the <em>Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic</em>.
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Yet there are also setbacks that accompany U.S. imperialism. American colonization is destroying the culture of indigenous peoples who have forgotten their identity and tradition. In certain cases, indigenous residents grow up to discriminate against what is local and originally their own native community.
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As mudanças significantes que duraram após esses levantes foram a abolição da servidão no Império Austríaco e no Reino da Hungria, o fim do absolutismo monárquico na Dinamarca e o fim definitivo da monarquia capetíngia na França. As revoluções foram mais importantes na França, Alemanha, Polônia, Itália e no Império Austríaco, mas não chegou a alcançar a Império Russo, Grã-Bretanha, Espanha, Suécia, Portugal ou o Império Otomano. A partir de 1845, a situação política francesa foi profundamente agravada pela eclosão de uma crise econômica devido a escassez de alimentos. Essa crise acabaria se estendendo por todo o continente e estaria na origem das revoluções liberais que abalaram a Europa Centro-Ocidental, no ano de 1848. Os anos de 1845 e 1846 foram de péssimas colheitas, desencadeando uma crise agrícola em todo o continente. A crise agrícola iniciou-se em Flandres e na Irlanda, com as péssimas colheitas de batatas. Na Europa Ocidental, a má colheita de trigo desencadeou em 1846 uma série de revoltas camponesas. Essa crise desencadeou uma alta vertiginosa do custo de vida, atirou à miséria grandes setores da população rural e reduziu drasticamente a sua capacidade de consumo de produtos manufaturados.
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Taizong’s main argument was that it is important for a country to maintain balance between military production and production of consumption goods
in order to survive and attain prosperity. Where it is necessary for a
country to be well equipped militarily, it is also important that it produces
consumption goods as well for instance food.
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