The Karger's algorithm relates to graph theory where G=(V,E) is an undirected graph with |E| edges and |V| vertices. The objective is to find the minimum number of cuts in edges in order to separate G into two disjoint graphs. The algorithm is randomized and will, in some cases, give the minimum number of cuts. The more number of trials, the higher probability that the minimum number of cuts will be obtained.
The Karger's algorithm will succeed in finding the minimum cut if every edge contraction does not involve any of the edge set C of the minimum cut.
The probability of success, i.e. obtaining the minimum cut, can be shown to be ≥ 2/(n(n-1))=1/C(n,2), which roughly equals 2/n^2 given in the question.Given: EACH randomized trial using the Karger's algorithm has a success rate of P(success,1) ≥ 2/n^2.
This means that the probability of failure is P(F,1) ≤ (1-2/n^2) for each single trial.
We need to estimate the number of trials, t, such that the probability that all t trials fail is less than 1/n.
Using the multiplication rule in probability theory, this can be expressed as
P(F,t)= (1-2/n^2)^t < 1/n
We will use a tool derived from calculus that
Lim (1-1/x)^x as x->infinity = 1/e, and
(1-1/x)^x < 1/e for x finite.
Setting t=(1/2)n^2 trials, we have
P(F,n^2) = (1-2/n^2)^((1/2)n^2) < 1/e
Finally, if we set t=(1/2)n^2*log(n), [log(n) is log_e(n)]
P(F,(1/2)n^2*log(n))
= (P(F,(1/2)n^2))^log(n)
< (1/e)^log(n)
= 1/(e^log(n))
= 1/n
Therefore, the minimum number of trials, t, such that P(F,t)< 1/n is t=(1/2)(n^2)*log(n) [note: log(n) is natural log]
Answer:
y = -1/3x + 2
Step-by-step explanation:
The gradient of the given line is 3 because (y = mx +c where m is the gradient)
Therefore, to find the gradient of the perpendicular line (at 90 degrees), you need to find the negative reciprocal.
The negative reciprocal of 3 is -1/3 because imagine if 3 = 3/1, to get the reciprocal, you flip it, and to get the negative, you just flip the sign.
Now we know that Line M is y = -1/3x + c, we need to find the y-intercept.
To do this, just input the point (3,1) into y = -1/3x + c, to get c. This is because we know (3,1) is on the line from the question.
So it would be 1 = (-1/3 x 3) +c
Which would be 1 = -1 +c
And so c = 2
Put everything together and you get y = -1/3x + 2
Choice a is a good one by the way
Answer:
<h2>
The eleventh term of the sequence is 64</h2>
Step-by-step explanation:
The sequence given is an arithmetic sequence
14, 19, 24, …………., 264
The nth term of an arithmetic sequence is given as;
Tn = a+(n-1)d where;
a is the first term = 14
d is the common difference = 19-14=24-19 = 5
n is the number of terms = 11(since we are to look for the eleventh term of the sequence)
substituting the given values in the formula given;
T11 = 14+(11-1)*5
T11 = 14+10(5)
T11 = 14+50
T11 = 64
The eleventh term of the sequence is 64
