1 . a sentence demonstrating direct address: You seem to have found, my good friend, a real peace in life. This sentence uses the phrase "my good friend" as vocative, to identify and address a specific person.

2 . a comma linking two independent clauses: Christ was equal with God, but he willingly became a servant. Both clauses are considered independent because can stand alone, as they contain both a subject and a predicate. There are joined by a comma and the conjunction "but."

3 . independent clauses linked without a conjunction: Hang gliding is a popular pastime; it takes skill and a bit of daring. Both clauses are independent, but in this case no word is used to link -called conjunctions. Instead, these clauses are joined by a semicolon.

4 . a mark indicating that a list will follow: These colors were chosen for the school: purple, green, and white. Demonstrative adjectives or pronouns are used to indicate which noun is being referred to. By using the demonstrative "these" followed by a clause and a colon, one is letting the reader know there is a list after the colon.

5 . an introductory participial phrase: Walking without a cane, the old man tried to escape unnoticed. Participial phrases are groups of words that contain a participle (finishing in -ed or -ing), modifiers and nouns. "Walking without a cane" is a participial phrase.

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4 years ago