D! Because a gas takes its form and volume of its container
Question 1:
<u>Answer</u>:
The "first line of defence" in innate immunity is "Physical and chemical barriers".
<u>Explanation</u>
"Physical and chemical barriers" is first line of defence includes that are ready to defend the living organism's body from infection at any time . These barriers include your skin, cilia, tears, urine flow, mucus, stomach acid, friendly bacteria and white blood cells . Skin acts as a mechanical barrier as it does not allows all the organism to pass through it unless the skin is cut or open. Similarly mouth eyes, and nose are also the ways through with the disease causing organism can enter the body. The micro-organisms that entered through these pathways are trapped either in saliva or mucus and swallowed and later either killed in the stomach or flushed out via the urine. If this first line of defence is broken or damaged, the second line of defence inside our body will be activated.
Question 2:
<u>Answer:</u>
Histamine kinins, and interleukins are examples of inflammatory mediators.
<u>Explanation</u>:
Inflammatory mediators are identified in inflammatory bowel disease IBD.These mediators play an vital role in the clinical and pathologic characteristics of the disorders. Cytokines, that are released by macrophages in due to antigenic stimuli, are binded different receptors and produce endocrine, autocrine and paracrine effects. Interleukins are a subset of a large group of 'cellular messenger molecules' called cytokines that modulates the cellular behaviour. Interleukins are not stored within cells like cytokines but they are released immediately, in response to a stimulus. Once an interleukin has been secreted, it moves to the target cell and binds to it through a receptor molecule on the surface of the cell . This interaction triggers a sequence of signals in the target cell that ultimately leads to the alteration in the behaviour of the cell.
The answer is 99.
Amino acids <span>contain a carboxyl group (carbon-containing) and an amino group (nitrogen containing). Proteins are made by forming peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino group of amino acids.
</span>If a protein is made of 100 amino acids, that means there are 99 peptide bonds (because the last, 100th amino acid will not bind the next (101st) amino acid). For each peptide bond that is created, one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms are taken. Therefore, one water molecule is created for each peptide bond. If there are 99 peptide bonds, 99 water molecules are created.
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Given what we know, we can confirm that a semi-truck would have the highest gravitational attraction of the objects mentioned, while for the spaceship, its mass would <u>not change</u> during its trip.
<h3>Why would the truck have the highest gravitational attraction?</h3>
This has to do with how we calculate gravitational attraction. To summarize it greatly, this value is directly proportional to the mass of the object in question. The <u>more </u><u>massive </u>the object, the <u>more </u><u>gravity</u> it will produce. Therefore, since the semi-truck is the largest, it will have the greatest gravitational attraction.
<h3>Why does only the mass of the spaceship remain constant?</h3>
This has to do with the relationship between each value and the situation described. The acceleration and velocity will change as the ship loses fuel and is affected by the gravity of the earth and moon. The weight of the ship is also affected by gravity, whilst the mass is a physical property that <u>does not depend </u>on any of these and therefore <u>does not change</u>.
Therefore, we can confirm that a semi-truck would have the highest gravitational attraction of the objects mentioned, while for the spaceship, its mass would not change during its trip.
To learn more about gravity visit:
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