Serfdom, condition in medieval Europe in which a tendency farmer was bound to a hereditary plot of land and to the will of his landlord. The vast majority of serfs in medieval Europe obtained their subsistence by cultivating a plot of land that was owned by a lord.
Hiram Johnson managed to get the California Proposition 4 passed which was a constitution amendment to the constitution of California which gave Women the power to vote. This was in 1911, years before the 19th amendment was passed on a national level and before women from all around the United States of America got general suffrage rights.
-12 on the number line goes away from -4 therefore making it lower
