Noun clauses, as nouns, are always objects (of preposition, direct or indirect), subjects, complements or appositives. "What we do" is a noun clause because it has a subject and a verb, and it replaced by any other noun.
C) is the answer the making of copper tools initiated a spectacular growth in the birth of other technology in cities and the first great civilization s
I wouldn’t mind helping you out with this but i’ll need some extracts from the text itself. were you perhaps given some passages in particular to refer to as a class?