The correct answer is A.) an export of Western culture.
It is not the most popular one because the most popular ones are the free market and famous brands as well as music and movies and things like that. It is not the economic basis for it because there are western countries that fully democratic and yet have more socialist tendencies when it comes to economy so the two are not as related. It is not accepted into the Middle east, or at least not in all countries.
It was primarily "<span>d. the vulnerability to invaders from the north", since the Mongol territory was rapidly expanding--making the Mongol warriors all the more powerful. </span>
It means that the person is mentally ill but is still responsible for the crimes that were committed.