The best and most correct answer among the choices provided by your question is the fourth choice.
Craft guilds were formed in the Middle Ages <span>to provide structure and support for artisans who shared a trade.</span>
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After the end of World War I European countries were in decline, their industrial and agricultural sectors suffered a reduction of more than 30%, causing a very strong impact on the economy and thus forcing these countries to look for loans and to import products from another country. In this context of poverty, European countries needed to buy many products and borrow money, in this moment, the United States of America enters as the nation that can meet European needs; at high interest rates, of course. The US had its territory spared during the war and had a large number of exports and loans of money to Europe, causing its economy to be boosted and its national income doubled.
An oligarchy is a system of government where a small number of individuals government a political entity. These individuals can be elected, but normally they are unelected officials who have been given the rights to lead through authoritarian methods.
Democracies are a system of government whereby systems are put into place to allow individuals to vote for representatives or to vote directly on issues related to their political governance.
Republics are democracies in that they involve elections and representation, however, republics institute certain protections for individual rights and liberties usually in a constitution or founding document to prevent the majority from controlling political decisions.
Arab nations of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) imposed an embargo against the United States and its allies as a response to the U.S. decision to provide military support to the Israeli in order to give the Israel a jump start in the post-war peace negotiations.
