It allowed the Supreme Court to review laws and determine whether they are unconstitutional or constitutional. It also allowed the Supreme Court to hear certain appeals from state courts, was unconstitutional.
The answer is b, the Ancient Egyptian Empire was not a bureaucracy, but ran by a "food chain" where the pharaoh is at the top, and peasants/farmers were at the bottom.
D: Communism. A major example would be the USSR and their "overnight industrialization" that took place in the 1920's-1930's