The Islamic religion has <em>Prophet Muhammad</em> as its founder and it spread in the Middle East and was heavily propagated <em>through trading</em> as rich Muslim traders got many converts by giving them discounts during the trade in the Silk Road and <em>making them converts.</em>
Another way Islam spread was <em>through Jihad</em>, called <em>Holy Wars </em>through the city of Medina and Mecca where they invaded towns and conquered them and turned them to Islamic states.
Please note that your question is incomplete so I gave you a general overview about Islam and how the religion was spread.
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the answer is d because the light polloution if there is a thing like that would'nt affect space as space is a place of nothig exept planets and stars and other things we may not know about the light polluton is happening on earth but not in space the light is not strong enough to reach space (maybe) (I think this is mostly wrong sorry :( )
A would be the correct hope this helps
