The answer is 'by not fulfilling expectations'. The other options don't really surprise the reader, and if the plot is going into one direction, and then what you'd expect to happen doesn't actually happen, you are surprised, and the element of irony is achieved.
"Blow a bubble in the air,
Bubbles, bubbles, everywhere."
<span>They are out of uniform</span>
If whipped is not a part of the underlined sentence, we can rule out a verb, leaving "through the massive trees" which is an adjective phase, as it is describing the "massive" trees.
