Answer:
World human population is expected to reach upwards of 9 billion by 2050 and then level off over the next half-century. How can the transition to a stabilizing population also be a transition to sustainability? How can science and technology help to ensure that human needs are met while the planet's environment is nurtured and restored?
Our Common Journey examines these momentous questions to draw strategic connections between scientific research, technological development, and societies' efforts to achieve environmentally sustainable improvements in human well being. The book argues that societies should approach sustainable development not as a destination but as an ongoing, adaptive learning process. Speaking to the next two generations, it proposes a strategy for using scientific and technical knowledge to better inform future action in the areas of fertility reduction, urban systems, agricultural production, energy and materials use, ecosystem restoration and biodiversity conservation, and suggests an approach for building a new research agenda for sustainability science.
Our Common Journey documents large-scale historical currents of social and environmental change and reviews methods for "what if" analysis of possible future development pathways and their implications for sustainability. The book also identifies the greatest threats to sustainability—in areas such as human settlements, agriculture, industry, and energy—and explores the most promising opportunities for circumventing or mitigating these threats. It goes on to discuss what indicators of change, from children's birth-weights to atmosphere chemistry, will be most useful in monitoring a transition to sustainability.
Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western Europe are the four European regions as defined by the UN Geoscheme for Europe.
The level below which the ground is saturated with water.
The Second War brought complete destruction to that region. Entire cities were leveled by the germans and russians.<span>. If you go to Poland today, for example, what you see in Warsaw and Gdansk are copies. The "medieval" buildings are all or mostly reconstructions, from the rubble left behind by German and Soviet bombs and artillery. After that, the communists imposed central planning on top of a destroyed economic base. It's very hard to regenerate money from nothing, and most of what is produced in eastern Europe went into Warsaw Pact defenses and salaries and privileges for the communist party elite, to keep the system of authority in place. After the fall of communism, the post-Cold War governments inherited another kind of economic decay. They instituted "reform" plams to shock the economies into the free market, leaving in their wake massive unemployment and property.</span>
This division was caused by religious conflicts between the Catholics and protestants
