An example of violation of Enlightenment rights in Latin America under Spanish Rule is B. A rigid social class system strictly determined by birth, which granted rights to some and restricted rights from others.
There was a complex race system that asignated each individual its place in society according to its ascendency: metropolitan, colonial, indian, black, white. The other two are examples of Enlightenment rights that weren't respected until after independence.
I think it is some city in china
B. The Germanics lacked loyalty to Rome and sometimes bought against the empire" is the best option from the list, since the Germanic tribes had very little connection to Rome or its empire and were just interest in getting paid.
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Disagreements over state's rights, slavery, and other issues, the Civil War occurred when the tensions finally grew too much.