An increased presence of Christians in the Levant during the Middle Ages.
the development of military orders.
a polarisation of the East and West based on religious differences.
the specific application of religious goals to warfare in the Levant, Iberian peninsula, and Baltic region, in particular.
the increased role and prestige of the popes and the Catholic Church in secular affairs.
the souring of relations between the West and the Byzantine Empire leading, ultimately, to the latter’s destruction.
an increase in the power of the royal houses of Europe.
a stronger collective cultural identity in Europe.
an increase in xenophobia and intolerance between Christians and Muslims, and between Christians and Jews, heretics and pagans.
an increase in international trade and exchange of ideas and technology.
an increase in the power of such Italian states as Venice, Genoa, and Pisa.
the appropriation of many Christian relics to Europe.
the use of a religious historical precedent to justify colonialism, warfare and terrorism.
Peasants grew the crops and tended the livestock. They generally rented strips of land from th elrod of the manor, and paid rent in in the form of labour on the lord's own farm (demesne). Peasants made money by selling their surplus produce. In time, this labour rent was replaced by cash rent, which was more convenient for both lord and peasant. some peasants worked as paid labor on the lord's demesne, or sometimes poor peasants with little or no land of their own worked for wealthier peasants as servants or laborers.
<span>Aphrodite
was a Greek goddess of love, desire, procreation and beauty. In Rome, she is
Venus. Her origins of birth have two accounts. First is that she rose from the
sea inside a giant scallop or sea foam after Cronus castrated Uranus and threw
his genitals in the ocean. This would make Aphrodite part of the old gods were
Titans once prevailed. Another account is that she was a daughter of Zeus, god
of the Heavens, a new God after defeating Cronus and Dione, a goddess of
Oracles of Dodona. As if beauty isn’t enough to lure her suitors, Aphrodite also
has a girdle which attracts everyone around her.</span>
Exodusters was a name given to African Americans who migrated from states along the Mississippi River to Kansas in the late nineteenth century, as part of the Exoduster Movement or Exodus of 1879. It was the first general migration of black people following the Civil War.
