Everything was part of the colonial economic system: the overseas territories supplied raw materials to the metropolis and these often sold the manufactures they produced under a monopoly regime to their colonies. With the passage of time, these practices were banned in the different countries that carried them out. Or at least officially, since unofficially the slave trade continued well into the nineteenth century, practically until the last colonial territories obtained independence or achieved a more rigorous political status within the State than that of a mere colony.
C because they are journalists.
Some of the most valuable commodities that moved through the kingdom of Ghana between the 5th and 15th Century were Gold and Salt during the Trans-Haran trade. The beginning of Trans-Haran gold trade is linked to the Soninke Empire of Ghana in the 5th Century. While the consumption of Trans-Haran salt was promoted for trade purposes. Berbers from the North of Africa were able to cross the Sahara desert using camels with their caravans with gold sort from western and central Sudan. This linked the Mediterranean economies which demanded gold and in return they supplied salt.
Carnegie could cut his costs because he owned the supply of raw materials and the means of production and distribution. Is the answer to your question
Hope I helped :)