Pope Urban II calls the first crusade - this event was caused as Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an appeal to Urban for assistance. Urban united Christian Europe to fight against the Turks to take back the Holy Land.
Urban degraded Muslims in speeches with exaggerating stories of anti-Christian acts, giving the united Christian Europe a common enemy and a promised reward.
The Christians were, however, initially beaten back due to inexperience and lack of discipline.
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Answer:
The Enlightenment, also known as the Age of Reason, was an intellectual and cultural movement in the eighteenth century that emphasized reason over superstition and science over blind faith. Enlightenment thinkers believed they could help create better societies and better people.
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Answer:defect- to leave a country or political organization and go to a competitor.
Revise- make changes to improve something.
Secret police- a group that identifies and prosecutes those who oppose the government.
Slavs- groups of eastern and Central Europe who speak similar languages.
Tsar- the ruler of the Russian empire.
Explanation:
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