The effect of methylphenidate (ritalin) on the synapse is most similar to the action of other appetitive drugs such as amphetamine/ dextroamphetamine (Adderall).
<h3>What are appetitive drugs?</h3>
- An appetite stimulant or orexigenic is a drug or compound which increases the appetite and may also induce hyperphagia.
- These can be taken in the form of medications that increase hunger and enhance food consumption.
- Methylphenidate is in a class of medications called central nervous system (CNS) stimulants as they influence the CNS to eat more.
- Side effects of this medication include increased blood pressure, palpitations, appetite increase which may lead to weight gain.
- Methylphenidate is used to treat attention deficit disorder (ADD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as it affects chemicals in the brain and nerves that help to control hyperactivity and impulse.
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Answer:
Pleistocene Epoch
Explanation:
Modern humans coexisted with woolly mammoths during the Upper Palaeolithic period when the humans entered Europe from Africa between 30,000 and 40,000 years ago. Before this, Neanderthals had coexisted with mammoths during the Middle Palaeolithic, and already used mammoth bones for toolmaking and building materials. Woolly mammoths were very important to ice-age humans, and human survival may have depended on the mammoth in some areas.
The Pennsylvania period, Precambrian period, and the Palezoic Era all existed millions of years before mammoths and humans.
The survival of the species is ensured by C. by protecting the fertilized eggs from predators. The protection provided by the male increases the hatch rate of the eggs, which means more young seahorses. The greater the number of hatchlings, the greater the likelihood that some will survive to adulthood and carry on the survival of the species.
Answer:
The answers are B and D.
Explanation:
The co-evolution of plants and insects led to an increase in both populations due to the mutualist benefit of this relationship. As plants started to develop rewards for the insects (such as pollen and nectar) the insects started to be able to travel further and therefore colonize, then as diversification of flowers began, also the insects started to diversify in order to afford the vast amount of food for them. Insects helped plants to pollinate and plants helped insects to spread. But as insects were evolving, some mammals and birds were also doing so, therefore, plants developed fruits with seeds in order to increase their dispersal. As answer D exposes, animals not only enhanced pollination but they also provided seed dispersal.