Prior to 1912, party bosses called the shots as to who was fronted for elections in the party. But after the Progressives party was formed in that year, they highlighted the fact that this type of nomination by the bosses was not representative of the people's choice.
So they proposed the start of primary elections which would involve a lot of people from the public in choosing a candidate who would represent the party in the presidential elections.
Anno Domini (AD) is a Latin term used in Roman times after Christianity had been proclaimed as the official religion of the empire. It means that the number preceding AD is a date counted since the Christian year of the birth of Jesus Christ.
Essentially, it measures the economic performance of a country. It's a measure of the final market value of goods and services for a country during a specific time.