The Catholic Church was forced to respond, and did so in several different ways during a period known as counter-reformation.
Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was king of England, Scotland and Ireland. He was king of Scotland from 1649 until his deposition in 1651, and king of England, Scotland and Ireland from the restoration of the monarchy in 1660 until his death.
Osama bin Laden was in charge of the 9/11 attack.