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3 years ago

What are the five layers in the internet protocol stack? What are the principal responsibilities of each of these lay?

Computers and Technology

1 answer:

mariarad [96]3 years ago

7 0

Solution:

The five Layers in Internet protocol stack are:

1.Application Layer

2.Transport Layer

3.Network Layer

4.Link Layer

5.Physical Layer

The principal responsibilities of these layers are as follows:

1.Application Layer •Applications with appropriate requirement for user.

•It is reserved for network applications and their application protocols such as HTTP, SMTP, and FTP etc.

•Its protocol uses transport layer protocols for establishing host-to-host connection.

2.Transport Layer

•It is responsible for End-to-Communication

•Transport layer transports messages from application layer between client and server of application

•It uses two protocol for transporting messages: TCP and UDP.TCP provides reliable connection oriented services, while UDP provides connectionless service

3.Network Layer

•Network Layer moves packets from one host to destination.

•It has two principal component:IP protocol:-It defines the datagrams and decide how the end system and router will work Routing protocols: these protocols decide the routing path between source and destination. 4.Link Layer

•It is responsible for link-level communication

•Link layer receives the data gram from network layer at each node and delivers it to next node, the next node passes the datagram to network layer.so This layer moves entire frames from one network element to adjacent one.

•The service provided by link layer is protocol dependent

5.Physical Layer

•It provides Physical media

•At each node, it moves individual bits of frames to next node.

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(4 points.) Write an algorithm (i.e., step-by-step instructions) via which someone could walk or drive from some origin to some

Elis [28]

Answer:

The algorithm is as follows :

1. Record Current Position, Final Destination

2. While Current Position is not Final Destination, repeat the following:

2.1 If destination location is up then:

2.1.1 If an obstacle is directly above you then:

2.1.1.1 Look for alternate position (left, right, down)

2.1.1.2 If alternate position is found then

2.1.1.2.1 Move there

2.1.1.2.2 Record Current Position

2.1.1.3 If no alternate position is found then

2.1.1.3.1 Call for help

2.1.1.3.2 End

2.1.2 If no obstacle is directly above you then:

2.1.2.1 Move up

2.1.2.1 Record Current Position

2.2 If destination location is down then:

2.2.1 If an obstacle is directly below you then:

2.2.1.1 Look for alternate position (left, right, up)

2.2.1.2 If alternate position is found then

2.1.1.2.1 Move there

2.2.1.2.2 Record Current Position

2.2.1.3 If no alternate position is found then

2.2.1.3.1 Call for help

2.2.1.3.2 End

2.2.2 If no obstacle is directly below you then:

2.2.2.1 Move down

2.1.2.1 Record Current Position

2.3 If destination location is right then:

2.3.1 If an obstacle is directly by your right then:

2.3.1.1 Look for alternate position (down, up, left)

2.3.1.2 If alternate position is found then

2.3.1.2.1 Move there

2.3.1.2.2 Record Current Position

2.3.1.3 If no alternate position is found then

2.3.1.3.1 Call for help

2.3.1.3.2 End

2.3.2 If no obstacle is directly by your right then:

2.3.2.1 Move right

2.3.2.1 Record Current Position

2.4 If destination location is left then:

2.4.1 If an obstacle is directly by your left then:

2.4.1.1 Look for alternate position (down, up, right)

2.4.1.2 If alternate position is found then

2.4.1.2.1 Move there

2.4.1.2.2 Record Current Position

2.4.1.3 If no alternate position is found then

2.4.1.3.1 Call for help

2.4.1.3.2 End

2.4.2 If no obstacle is directly by your left then:

2.4.2.1 Move left

2.4.2.1 Record Current Position

Explanation:

The algorithm is straight forward.

All it does is to check for available position and move into the position if there is any available.

It keeps checking and moving until an obstacle prevents it from moving.

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Luda [366]

Answer:

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Answer:

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