Answer:
The shift from nonviolent protest to violent confrontation during the mid-1960s also had a geographic difference. The nonviolent protests took place in the South while the violent confrontations took place outside of the South. The locations of confrontations outside of the South in chronological order are:
1. Harlem (NYC)
2. Watts (LA)
3. Chicago
4. Newark/Detroit
The American Civil Rights Movement in the late 1950s and 1960s represents a pivotal event in world history.
The success of the movement for African American civil rights across the South in the 1960s has largely been credited to activists who adopted the strategy of nonviolent protest. Leaders such as Martin Luther King, Jr., Jim Lawson, and John Lewis believed wholeheartedly in this philosophy as a way of life.
Social change movements erupted in the 1960s for several interrelated reasons.
• Since the 1930s the role of the federal government had become increasingly important in Americans’ everyday lives, and people began to look to the federal government to resolve problems.
• After World War II (1939-1945), the United States emerged as a global power that competed with the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR); this competition was both a political and moral crusade to convince people around the world that Western democracy was superior to the Communist system adopted by the USSR.
• The 1950s and 1960s were periods of relative economic prosperity for most of the country, making economic disparity in the United States more obvious.
• A national culture was emerging that linked all Americans more closely than ever before; television became common and allowed people to witness events taking place in other parts of the country and the world.
• More students were going to college than before World War II, creating a concentration of concerned and educated activists on the grounds of universities and colleges.
The activists’ reliance on protest tactics that disrupted business, as usual, angered many, as did their demands that Americans change their long-standing beliefs and practices. In the 1960s, the civil rights movement, the student movement, and the antiwar movement faced serious harassment and even persecution by local police forces, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and other government agencies. The student movement, the anti-Vietnam War movement, and the gay rights movement never succeeded in winning the approval of a majority of Americans, at least as measured by public opinion polls and surveys. Over time, however, the civil rights movement, the environmental movement, and, more controversially, the women’s movement, did convert a majority of Americans to many of their views.
Explanation:
