Answer:
The correct answer is D. Marbury v. Madison was the first time a law was declared unconstitutional.
Explanation:
Marbury v. Madison was a judicial ruling issued by the Supreme Court in 1803, through which the Supreme Court created the power of judicial review, a legal institute that allowed it to review the constitutionality of government acts and the different laws, thus seeking protect the legal system of the country, to avoid laws or conduct contrary to the Constitution of the United States. In this way, the Supreme Court became the arbitrator that defines the legality of government norms and conduct, becoming the final interpreter of the Constitution.
B. both were total wars involved countries entire populations(apex)
Answer:
Jacques Cartier, (born 1491, Saint-Malo, Brittany, France), French mariner, whose explorations of the Canadian coast and the St. Lawrence River (1534, 1535, 1541–42) laid the basis for later French claims to North America.
The internal and external factors that contributed to the collapse of the
Roman and Chinese empires were as follows:
Internal factors -
- excessively expensive and overextended compared to the existing resources.
- neither had technology advances that increased available resources.
- Both were victims of tax avoidance by landowner families who absolved the poor from paying taxes.
- Instability was brought on by antagonism between elite factions in both cases.
- Both were affected by epidemics.
External factor -
- Both empires' frontier territories were inhabited by nomadic nomads who grew to be increasingly dangerous and eventually captured parts of both empires.
<h3>Why did the Roman and Chinese empires collapse?</h3>
The fall of the Roman Empire had a number of causes. Each was woven into the other. Many people even attribute the rise of Christianity to the fall. Many Roman inhabitants became pacifists as a result of Christianity, making it harder to repel the barbarian invaders. Additionally, the Roman empire could have been maintained with the money invested to construct churches.
Han China's downfall was primarily brought on by the government's inability to run the country effectively. The bureaucrats became corrupt and prioritized pleasure over their jobs. The empire saw epidemics and nomadic insurgencies, yet government spending increased because political officials led extravagant lifestyles.
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