Charles Martel's victory at the Battle of Tours was significant because if he had lost and if <span>the Muslims had won, western Europe might have become part of the Muslim Empire.</span>
Total war is based on the idea of defeating the enemy by attacking everything including the soldiers, citizens and even supplies in order to destroy the will of the enemy to fight. Examples include the warfare that was conducted by ancient civilizations, and by the Nazis during World War II
<span>c. proportional representation</span>