Answer:C) Natural selection
Explanation:
C) Natural selection is the process under which species with resistant traits are able to survive better and adapt to different environmental pressures , climate changes and competition for resources or food and are able to reproduce as many as possible of the same species with similar traits , as a result of this these traits are carried from generation to generation.
Answer: <u>Skinner</u>'s theory of <u>operant</u> conditioning.
Operant conditioning is a system that attempts to influence the strength of a behaviour by giving punishments or rewards. It was developed by B. F. Skinner in his 1938 book: <em>"The Behaviour of Organisms: An Experimental Analysis."</em>
The system can be divided in reinforcement, which is directed towards increasing the behaviour, or punishment, which tries to reduce it.
Both reinforcement and punishment can further be divided into positive (adding a stimulus) or negative (removing a stimulus).
The Middle Ages as a time culturally dominated by religion, casting a shadow over the arts and sciences, preventing them from flourishing freely. This idea considered the Middle Ages to be the Dark Ages.
The word middle indicates something that is in an intermediate position. For the eighteenth-century thinkers known as the Enlightenment, this period of history was between Classical Antiquity, ended with the conquest of Rome by the Heruli in 476, and the Modern Age, of which they were a part, beginning with the conquest of city of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks in 1453.
This was a way of looking at the world based on European history, disregarding the other regions of the planet. This kind of thinking was called Eurocentrism because it placed the European continent as the center of analysis. These eighteenth-century thinkers disregarded what had happened in other regions of the planet, such as the Islamic Empire, the Americas, or even China.
Moreover, during the Renaissance, it was conventionally called the Middle Ages of the Dark Ages because the Renaissance placed itself as heirs of thought and science developed by the Greeks and Romans, reviving the culture of antiquity. For the Renaissance, during the Middle Ages, the arts and sciences, compared to antiquity, had declined. The responsibility for this would be largely the Catholic Church, which dominated Europe politically, economically and culturally at the time. Religious domination would have impeded the development of reason, creating an era of backwardness and primitivism.
<span>The United States would lift some or all of its embargo on Cuba.</span>
Explanation: Since air has mass, it also has weight. The pressure of air at a given place is defined as a force exerted in all directions by virtue of the weight of all the air above it.
The weight of a column of air contained in a unit area from the mean sea level to the top of the atmosphere is called the atmospheric pressure. The atmospheric pressure is expressed in various units.
Measurement of Air Pressure
Atmospheric pressure is the weight of the column of air at any given place and time. It is measured by means of an instrument called barometer.
The units used by meteorologists for this purpose are called millibars (mb).
One millibar is equal to the force of one gram on a square centimeter. A pressure of 1000 millibars is equal to the weight of 1.053 kilograms per square centimeter.
In other words, it will be equal to the weight of a column of mercury 75 cm high.
The normal pressure at sea level is taken to be about 76 centimeters (1013.25 millibars).
Vertical Variation of Pressure
In the lower atmosphere the pressure decreases rapidly with height.
