<h2><u>The South African Gumboot Dance</u></h2>
Perhaps the most recognizable dance in the show, the gumboot dance originated during apartheid-era South Africa. The dance gets its name from the thick rubber rain boots (think modern day Hunter Boots) known as “gumboots” or “wellingtons” worn by migrant laborers who were employed in diamond and coal mines. The apartheid government enacted laws that restricted these workers from speaking to one another, so they developed their own means of communication: using the sounds and stomps of their gumboots as a form of morse-code. The movement eventually transformed into a dance, which became particularly popular during the fight against apartheid and even became a protest symbol. Those involved in the Struggle would participate in the gumboot dance as a way to express their unification in the fight against the oppressive government. Even after the official end of apartheid in 1994, the gumboot dance remained a symbol of hope and solidarity. This dance made its way into popular culture as well, with Paul Simon writing a song titled “Gumboots” featured on his touchstone album Graceland. The formation of the gumboot dance marks a pivotal point in both the history of South Africa, as it symbolized the fight against a powerful regime, as well as in the history of dance, as it became the foundation for the development of step-dancing.
Answer:
1.)A monarch known as the "caliph," which means "successor," headed the Caliphate. The caliph was the Muslim world's religious and political official, and was considered the Prophet Muhammad's heir. When did it all start? After Muhammad's death in 632 CE, the Caliphate was established.
Explanation:
During the Paleolithic period (before 12,000 years ago), most archaeological sites seem to reflect the organization of societies into fewer than 100 people.
Paleolithic or Paleolithic or Paleolithic also called Paleolithic (from Greek Palacios - old, lithos - stone), was the original development of stone tools in the 99th century It is a prehistoric period characterized by The Paleolithic period covers the technological prehistory of mankind [1]. It dates back to the earliest known use of stone tools by humans. 3.3 million years ago to the end of the Pleistocene c. 11,650 calorie blood pressure.
The Paleolithic in Europe preceded the Mesolithic, but the dates of the transition differ geographically by thousands of years. [3] The Paleolithic period is characterized by the use of carved stone tools, but people of this period also used tools of wood and bone. Other organic products, such as leather and plant fibers, have been adapted for use as tools. However, due to rapid decomposition, these have not survived on a large scale
Learn more about the Paleolithic here
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