Answer:
This probably because they destroy a given character or give rise to a new one.
Explanation:
Alteration here are the permanent changes found in the DNA structure. And are totally inheritable. An example is the case of sickle cell anaemia and haemophilia. People with this anaemia trait hardly live and reproduce even though they do not show ill effects.
Therefore, this mutation alteration is harmful because they destroy a given character.
Concentration gradient across the membrane. Proteins in the membrane allow specific molecules through, passively.
#1 the relationship between universes and galaxies is that galaxies are made up of universe. and the relationship between stars and solar systems is every solar system contains at least one star.
#2. galaxies form after several planets form rather close to each other.
#3. the last one I don't know
When phospholipids are mixed with water, they spontaneously rearrange themselves to form the lowest free-energy configuration. This means that the hydrophobic regions find ways to remove themselves from water, while the hydrophilic regions interact with water. The resulting structure is called a lipid bilayer.
