Social class division an more complex religious beliefs.
The Mandate of Heaven concept helped individuals or groups of people gain power in a civilization. An individual would claim that they had received a Mandate of Heaven which granted them divine recognition to rule. By claiming their authority came from the gods, the people would accept them as their leader.
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Much like her male counterpart, a queen is, like a king, a ruler of an independent state or nation. Moreover, the same rule that is used for kings is applied here as well, the rule stating that this position is hereditary, meaning that one can become a queen by right of birth. So, to sum up, a Queen is a female ruler of a country.